FSAP noted that the standard of financial sector regulation Microprudential supervision Background,The FSAP noted that the standard of financial sector regulation and supervision of banks and insurance companies was generally high, but that certain weaknesses identified as a result of the financial crisis should be addressed. This section reviews progressRead More →
Application of the historical cost principle In principle, German accounting regulations require the applica- tion of the historical cost principle under both commercial and tax law. If the value of an asset at a later date exceeds its his- torical cost, the increase may not be recognized in the balanceRead More →
Agreements are governed by law The constitution and enabling legislation protect the right to collective bargaining, and agreements are governed by law. The coverage of collective agreements has been declining for decades. Collective bargaining agreements in 2012 covered approximately 58% of all employees, 60% of the labor force in theRead More →
AVAILABILITY OF DATA ON AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH EXPENDITURES Time series of any statistical data for Germany have considerable restrictions in comparability. First of all, the German reunification in 1990 led to substantial territorial changes, thus data prior to 1990 usually only covers the territory of the ‘old’ Federal Republic. In addition,Read More →
Changes of legal form are regulated by an omnibus Change of legal form All forms of corporate reconstructions, mergers, splits, spin-offs, drop-downs, and changes of legal form are regulated by an omnibus Reconstructions Act. In many cases, these manoeuvres can even be done free of tax. Broadly speaking, provided theRead More →
Avoid duplication with its member institutions The FSC should develop a comprehensive strategy to maximise the effectiveness of its communication and avoid duplication with its member institutions. This strategy should include the identification of target audiences and the calibration of the range and content of communication tools accordingly. EU ForecastRead More →
Tax law incorporates by reference the requirements under commercial law In principle, tax law incorporates by reference the requirements under commercial law and relies on the financial statements pre- pared for commercial purposes. In other words, the commercial financial statements form an authoritative basis for tax account- ing purposes (so-calledRead More →
Branch’s registration is not decisive for its liability to taxation In principle, a branch’s registration is not decisive for its liability to taxation, as formal registration is not part of the tax treaty definition of permanent establishment. However, in practice, a registered branch will almost always rank as a permanentRead More →
The strategic orientation The mechanisms in place to administer and coordinate research are further described in this material. The strategic orientation of different level research organisations is fostered through a number of institutions such as the: German Agricultural Research Alliance (DAFA), Senate of Federal Research Institutes (Senat der Bundesforschungsinstitute), GermanRead More →
Protect the right of employees The constitution, federal legislation, and government regulations contain provisions designed to protect the right of employees to form and join independent unions of their choice. The overwhelming majority of unionized workers is a member of one of the eight largest unions – largely grouped byRead More →
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